Goats are considered as a mobile bank and often termed mortgage lifter and automatic teller machine (ATM) for the weakest section of society and ray of hope in the areas where agriculture is not economically viable and ecologically sustainable. Tamil Nadu is endowed with two recognised breeds of goats viz. Kanni adu and Kodi adu which belongs to meat type. A total of 180 goat flocks from 60 villages spread in 30 blocks in three districts (Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi and Virudhunagar) were selected using multi-stage random sampling technique. Almost all the farmers in the districts provided night shelter (96.67 per cent) and only few farmers provided shelter to their goats during the day and night hr (3.33 per cent). Statistically, there was no significant relationship found between provision of shelters and district. The majority of the goat farmers provided open (41.11 per cent) type followed by closed (31.11 per cent) and half-open (27.78 per cent) types of housing to their goats. Statistical analysis revealed a significant (P<0.05) relationship between the type of goat housing and districts. Provision of special enclosures for young kids in the study area was followed as partition in enclosure (46.11 per cent) and koodu a special type made up of bamboo and palmyra leaves with (53.89 per cent). Statistical analysis showed that there was highly significant difference (P<0.01) observed between the provision of separate enclosure for kids and districts.
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Background: Goat production is a basic element of the farming system and a significant source of rural livelihood for poor villagers. Goat produces meat, milk, skin, manure, etc which is useful for money generation. Commercial Goat Farming is defined as goat rearing under intensive and semi-intensive systems for commercial production. Commercial goat farming has emerged as important drivers of agricultural growth in India. Commercial goat farming has a huge opportunity in rural development as goat has the potential for export of products, capital storage, household income and employment. Method: There were a total of eight literatures available that studied commercial goat farming in India. Those eight literatures were collect form book, thesis reports, and research papers. The literature covered different areas of commercial goat farming of different state of India, so the literature were divided on the basis of five different areas like entrepreneurial behavior index of commercial goat farming, criteria of price fixation, economics analysis, marketing channel, and constraints. Also, collect the information on the different schemes provided by the different state governments for promoting commercial goat farming in their respective state through their respective website. Finding: It was observed that there were 34 goat breeds were registered according to a different zone of India. It was found that commercial goat farmers adopt scientific management practices like housing practices, vaccination schedules, and feeding practices to improve the farm's economy. It was also observed that commercial goat farmers were also involved in multiple occupations. Farmers fix the price of goats on the basis of weight, kids' age, body conformation, and breed. It was observed that a commercial goat farm is profitable as compared to a traditional goat farm. There were five types of marketing channels mainly used for meat and rearing purposes. Most of the farmers prefer channel I, farmers to farmers for the marketing of goats due to no transportation cost and high market efficiency. It was observed that major constraints faced by commercial goat farmers were lack of veterinary services, lack of unorganized goat market, and non-availability of breeding bucks. There are a few schemes provided by the different state governments to promote and support commercial goat farming in India.
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